In Lakonia human presence can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age, as discoveries from that era that have been found to the west of Areopoli (Apidima cave and Kalamakia location), in the area of Selinitsa (to the east of Githion) and on Kokkinia beach (near the ancient town of Akrie) are dated back to.
Important finds of human inhabitants in the region also date back from the Neolithic Age (6000-3000 BC), as for example in Koufovouno (to the south of Sparta, at the Agios Ioannis settlement) and in Alepotrypa Cave, in Diros.
The finds from the Copper Age have been mainly located in Pavlopetri, a small island between Elafonisos and Pounta.
During the Mycenean period the entire region was marked by significant development, as attested in Homer¢s epic poems, especially in relation to the myth of Menelaus and Helen. There is evidence of the existence of important towns dating from the Mycenean period in the locations of Amycles, Vafio, Pellana, Peristeri (next to Skala), Menalaion, Sykia, Epidavros Limira etc.
The invasion (¡descent¢) of the Dorian tribes circa 1100 B.C. led to the population of Lacedaemon, in the form of four small settlements, subjugating the older inhabitants of the region. Lycurgus, the legendary legislator of Sparta, as well as the poets Tyrtaeus and Alkman lived during the same period.
In the mid-eighth century BC, ancient Sparta also encompassed Amycles, Faris, Sellasia, Pellana, Geronthres, Elos and the Mani peninsula.